This text focuses on the Nigerian hometown association (HTA). HTAs are based on ties of kinship and ancestry, but are products of migrations and urbanization and are therefore of contemporary vintage. Association life was, and remains, an important part of Nigerian social structure, and hometown associations have evolved into the most visible form of that associational life. Though they vary in many respects, HTAs have a few common properties, a crucial one being that they have significance both "home" and "abroad". At home, the focus is on improvement, though the specifics of what is to be improved and who decides is the subject of struggle. Abroad the focus is dual - maintaining connections with home but also providing a supportive environment for people in a place where they are regarded as strangers. These studies illuminate the vitality of a fast-developing society. They include case studies of hometown associations operating across the country, as well as integrative studies comparing the HTAs across such important dimensions as gender relations, connecting to formal government, and as agents of change.